For the sake of effectiveness: a tightened approach to preliminary reference obligations of the CJEU

In its recent judgment Commission v. France (C-416/17), the CJEU indicates that it is ready to do whatever it takes to preserve the integrity of EU law – a strong for European judicial dialogue in times of worrying judicial developments across the EU.

Frederik Behre • November 06, 2018 • 1 comment

Shining a light on the acte clair

Two recent judgments by the European Court of Justice illuminate the practical application of the acte clair doctrine of EU law, which determines when a court of last instance is freed from its obligation to refer a question on EU law to the ECJ.

Thomas Weber • September 22, 2015

Law making by way of preliminary reference

The preliminary reference procedure is not a modern invention. It has travelled a long way through time and space – from southern to northern Europe, from Roman imperial times to the 21st century.

Elsemieke Daalder and Ruben de Graaff • March 30, 2015 • 2 comments

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For the sake of effectiveness: a tightened approach to preliminary reference obligations of the CJEU

Shining a light on the acte clair

Law making by way of preliminary reference